Because the terrain of Dagestan is very rugged, the Agul have had limited contact with the neighboring groups. In times past, they had the most contact with an ethnic group known as the Lezgian, as they often traded in the bazaars in the large Lezgian village of Kasumkent. There, the Agul would exchange cheese, butter, wool, and woolen products for grain and manufactured goods. Other neighboring groups in Dagestan include the Rutul, Darghinian, Kaitak, and Tabasaran.

What Are Their Lives Like
In the traditional Agul economy, herding sheep and breeding cattle were of greater importance than farming, due to the harshness of the mountain winters. The Agul grazed their sheep in the high mountain pastures during the summer then drove them to lowland pastures for the winter, if possible. Unfortunately, the winter pastures were outside the Agul territory and had to be rented from the Lezgian, Tabasaran, or Azeri. This made it very difficult for the less wealthy Agul.

Today, most of the Agul still live as herdsmen. However, some are involved in the production of cloth, tapestries, and felt cloaks. During the winter months, many Agul men leave their villages to seek work in the urban centers of the lowlands. However, under Soviet rule they did so only as part of the collective (community) farm system. All tasks associated with shepherding are usually performed by men, including shearing, milking, and preparing dairy products. Since only the women, children, and elderly live in the villages throughout the entire year, the women's responsibilities include tending to the cattle that remain near the villages.

In times past, the constant threat of hail storms and frost made farming very difficult for the Agul. Only the most robust grains (rye, barley, and wheat) were cultivated. Even so, the yield was seldom sufficient for the needs of the Agul, and additional grains had to be obtained through trade. Fortunately, the introduction of modern farming methods during the Soviet period increased the yields and the variety of crops.

Traditionally, the Agul were divided into tukhums, or clans consisting of 20 to 40 households. Each tukhum had its own cemetery, pastures, and hay fields. The members supported and defended one another, and marriages seldom took place outside the tukhums. Each village had its own council, which was made up of representatives from each of the three or four village tukhums.

The Agul speak a Northeast Caucasian language, also called Agul, that is closely related to Tabasaran. Agul has never been a written language; but since Lezgin is understood by nearly all Agul, most of them consider this to be their literary language. Knowledge of Lezgin, Russian, and other local languages is relatively widespread among the men. More and more women now speak other languages as well.

What Are Their Belief?
The Agul were converted to Islam after the Arab conquest of the eighth century. Today, the Agul are virtually 100% Muslim, and each village has a central square with a mosque. While Dagestan is the most solid bastion of conservative Islam in the former USSR, some pre-Islamic traditions are still practiced.

What Are Their Needs?
Currently, no missions agencies are working among the Agul. Since there is no Agul script, neither the Bible nor any other Christian materials have been translated into the Agul language. Unfortunately, the Bible is not yet available in the Lezgin language either. Presently, there are only a handful of Agul believers in Dagestan. Prayer is the key to seeing this people group reached with the glorious Gospel of Christ.

• Ask the Lord to call people who are willing to go to Russia and share Christ with the Agul.
• Pray that Jesus will begin revealing Himself to the Agul through dreams and visions.
• Pray that the doors of Russia will remain open to the preaching of the Gospel.
• Ask God to use the small number of Agul Christians to share the message of salvation with their friends and families.
• Pray that God will raise up linguists to devise a written script for the Agul so that the Bible may be translated into their native language.
• Pray that Christian broadcasts and the Jesus film will soon be made available in the Agul language.
• Take authority over the spiritual principalities and powers that are keeping the Agul bound.
• Ask the Lord to raise up strong local churches among the Agul by the year 2000.

See also the following related groups: Of Russia, the Chechen, Abaza, Andi, Avar, Lak, and Lezgian; and the Chechen of Kazakstan.

THE PEOPLE

• People name: Agul
• Country: Russia
• Their language: Agul
• Population: (1990) 17,800
  (1995) 17,700
  (2000) 17,600
• Largest religion: Muslim (Shafiite) 99.9%
• Christian: <1%
• Church members: 7
• Scriptures in their own language: None
• Jesus Film in their own language: None
• Christian broadcasts in their own language: None
• Mission agencies working among this people: 0
• Persons who have heard the Gospel: 7700 (4%) Those evangelized by local Christians: 500 (2.9%)
  Those evangelized from the outside: 200 (1.1%)
• Persons who have never heard the Gospel: 17,000 (96%)

• Country: Russia
• Population: (1990) 147,913,000
  (1995) 146,999,800
  (2000) 145,551,500
• Major peoples in size order: Russian 79.4%
  Tatar 3.7%
  Ukranian 2.9%
  Chuvash 1.2%
  Bashkir 0.9%
• Major religions: Christian 58.1%
  Nonreligious 18%
  Atheist 12.6%
• Number of denominations: 50